Cross-fertility in 2 tropical tree varieties: evidence of inbreeding anxiety inside communities and hereditary divergence certainly one of communities †
The writer thank you so much S. Gunatilleke and you may N. Gunatilleke within Department out of Botany, College from Peradeniya having suggestions and you can logistic help; the fresh Forest Institution off Sri Lanka getting permission to help you run that it really works when you look at the Sinharaja Business Lifestyle Webpages; brand new Botany Institution, College or university off Peradeniya for usage of its business; S. Harischandran, H. Gamage, and you can Meters. Gunadasa to own help with hands-pollinations; and you will S. Harischandran and you will A envie de rencontres au pays avis good. Anura getting tending greenhouse seedlings. P. Ashton, K. Bawa, Letter. Gunatilleke, J. Hamrick, L. Kaufman, and you may J. Mitton provided of good use discussions; P. Ashton, S. Dayanandan, and you can C. Schneider stated on the prior to drafts; and you may B. Wieninger aided toward numbers. This performs is actually offered to some extent by the money from the Preservation, Food, & Health Base, Inc.
Abstract
Understanding the spatial designs of get across-virility within the absolute bush populations efficiency secret insight into biparental inbreeding despair, separation of the distance, and, eventually, speciation. About three people each of a few warm forest species (Syzygium rubicundum and you will Shorea cordifolia) had been for every single crossed with four conspecific pollen donors between worry about so you’re able to trees taking place into the independent forest supplies (a dozen and you can thirty-five kilometer range getting S. rubicundum and you will Sh. cordifolia, respectively). Cross-fertility are estimated since the fruits set, seeds germination, and you will seedling survivorship and you can peak at step one yr. Technique of most cross-fertility actions improved gradually with outcrossing length, peaking in the step one–dos km for S. rubicundum and you will 1–10 km to have Sh. cordifolia, and then declining within anywhere between-tree crosses. Yet not, seed germination and you will seedling top to own Sh. cordifolia recommended hybrid vitality around-forest crosses. New suggest exercise cost of nearest-next-door neighbor mating relative to crossing with additional faraway natives is actually 45% to own S. rubicundum and you may 0% having Sh. cordifolia. This new imply fitness cost of between-tree crosses is actually 52% and 70% with the several variety. Crossing effects toward fitness decreased within degrees regarding fresh fruit place and you can 1-yr-dated seedlings. Performance suggest an effective possibility of inbreeding anxiety within tree forest communities and limited reproductive separation among woods into the Sri Lanka’s wet region.
Estimating get across-fertility during the multiple spatial balances inside a plant species‘ range allows insight into the importance of genetic incompatibility and you can inbreeding and you may outbreeding anxiety not as much as pure criteria. At faster spatial balances, the newest restricted seed dispersal attribute many flowers would be to end in relatedness among close-natives in the pure communities. Where nearby flowers is actually related, mating ranging from natives (we.age., biparental inbreeding; Uyenoyama, 1986) may lead to faster reproductive exercise on account of inbreeding depression otherwise genetic incompatibility between friends. When you find yourself designs from fine-scale genetic relatedness were found for a lot of herbaceous variety (age.grams., Epperson and you may Clegg, 1986; Waser, 1987; Schoen and Latta, 1989), getting woody species, like angiosperms, research to your inside-inhabitants hereditary build is actually restricted. Specific research has shown spatial clustering of mature genotypes (otherwise alleles) during the animal-pollinated forest trees (Acer saccharum-Perry and Knowles, 1991; Swartzia simplex-Hamrick, Murawski, and you will Nason, 1993; Quercus rubra-Sork, Huang, and you will Wiener, 1993; Quercus laevis-Berg and you will Hamrick, 1995; Cordia alliodora-Boshier, Pursue, and you can Bawa, 1995), while others failed to help with the new assumption out-of hereditary relatedness certainly neighboring grownups (Psychotria nervosa-Dewey and Heywood, 1988; Alseis blackiana and Platypodium elegans-Hamrick, Murawski, and Nason, 1993). Regardless of habits away from relatedness, mating might be limited by regional areas when you look at the herbaceous types (Levin and you can Kerster, 1974; Endler, 1979; Waser and you can Rates, 1983) plus in woody variety, particularly if blooming people is clustered (Linhart, 1973; Stacy ainsi que al., 1996). The chance of biparental inbreeding despair during the pure communities could have been shown for a number of herbaceous and you may coniferous tree varieties (Coles and you may Fowler, 1976; Park and you may Fowler, 1982; Levin, 1984; Schemske and Pautler, 1984; McCall, Mitchell-Olds, and Waller, 1991; Heywood, 1993; Waser and Rates, 1994; Trame, Coddington, and you will Paige, 1995; Byers, 1998). Almost no known, not, from biparental inbreeding anxiety in pure communities from woody angiosperms.